The only danger would be if there were a fire. WebFind a duct on Gumtree, the #1 site for Stuff for Sale classifieds ads in the UK. Web"Great Stuff" Expanding Foam. Flex ducts are better for existing trunk-and-branch heating and cooling systems. You can reroute it or split it into more but smaller ducts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Which type of insulation is most effective? Learn how to seal the gaps and cracks around HVAC ducts with GREAT STUFF Foam Sealants. One of the nice things about using spray foam in new construction is that you can do a Blower Door test before the drywall goes in. Unlike polystyrene, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate won't melt even when burning. Hopwe you are still on the web site. Cost her a 15k reduction in price. Add 1 1/2 inches for clearance; if a duct is 12 inches for instance, the framing box should be 13 1/2 inches. Copyright If the ductwork is in the way, you have three options. Which insulating material is used in ductwork? Should I remove and how to remove? 1. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. How-to block out pests with GREAT STUFF Pestblock. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Exposed systems are easier to reach but often have a nicer finish than hidden systems. You can also choose a semi-rigid aluminum duct where code requires an all aluminum product. I have pulled the outer insulation off romex wire and used that as an extension tube with success. Can I use ground sage instead of dried sage? He said there is no requirement to seal the joints. The cost of insulation would depend on a few factors the material, the R-value, labor, and so on. Let's explore The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Do not overfill as GREAT STUFF expands as it cures. Great Stuff is an expanding foam that is mainly valuable as a sort of squirt-in How long does it take to replace ductwork? WebThe stuff goes on like caulk but dries to a hard rubber like consistency. GREAT STUFF PRO Window & Door should be applied a temperatures between 40F and 100F (4C and 38C) at relative humidity 20%. Ductwork Insulation Cost. Use silicone caulk to seal gaps up to about 1/4 inch; foam sealant will take care of anything larger than that. Warmer weather = more pests! I have it in both my kitchen and bath.and still love its clean simplicity of looks and care.. Foam will be tack free in about 20 minutes. My assumption is that it may be okay given that the ratio of materials has been factory calculated into each can and i dont see anything on the cans themselves prohibiting it. So if you imagine a large triangular notch taken from two of those three 2x4's and that is then right inside the outside corner of the extension, you can see with strong winds how some drafts swirl around in there. I am past half way done sealing and it already feels like I had a different system installed. 2020 Interior - Premium Decoration magazine. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. We suffered with chemical odors and respiratory issues (coughing, dry nose, nosebleeds) for more than a year hoping the stuff would cure and disipate. WebSeal any holes you find to stop rodents from entering. Insulating your air ducts can save 10 percent to 30 percent on energy bills while improving comfort. Youll need to replace the drywall if your ductwork touches it. A community dedicated to helping people with advice on personal home improvement projects. Check out our Pestblock spray foam for your home pest management. See the guide Support at Intervals for Flex Ducts for more on properly supporting ducts. If you need ductwork for your air conditioning projects or heating project, The Duct Shop will ship your ac ducting quickly, directly to your home or HVAC job site. If combined with your HVAC system, you will not only have a well-balanced air circulation system but will also minimize seasonal cooling and heating costs. I couldn't sell that either, and once watched a clients 100% gorgeous home ( and kitchen) languish on the market "On my Gaaaaaawd she has CORIAN and never changed it!" . Insulating them is essential in colder climates, optional in milder ones and necessary in humid climates to prevent condensation. 4. http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_0977/0901b80380977db0.pdf?filepath=styrofoam/pdfs/noreg/179-16011.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. How to cover ductwork with blown in insulation? Poor granite installation? Are you referring to the line running to the outside condensing unit? Webextinction can be explained as negative punishment. If the mold in your air vents has extended into the surrounding insulation, you will need to replace this material. Wipe away imperfections with a cloth soaked in Great Stuff Foam Cleaner. Switched Central A/C to Heat Now Neither Works. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Fill small holes with steel wool. Apply to the foam trying to get even coverage. I want to caulk around some poor sheetmetal work where the previous owner (inexpertly) installed a humidifier, what I've seen some use is like mastic and I do have the foil tape which could be another option, but I am wondering why I couldn't use general purpose silicone - it's not flammable and the offgassing stops when it's cured. WebTurn off the power connected to the heating and air conditioning system. You can build ducts from rigid foam board to serve as the distribution system to circulate heated or cooled air in your house. Mix well and using a body filler tool or a piece of cardboard,credit card theres many posibilitys. The air filter will absorb the scented oils. Unfortunately, Great Stuff does not list waterproof as one of the properties of this product. You can insulate the round air ducts serving your rooms with standard insulation batts or special-purpose duct insulation. Does a home equity loan require an appraisal? WebYes, but you cant sand it If the crack/hole youre trying to patch is small, and the underlying tape has cracked/broken, then paintable caulk (not silicone) can work great. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Thanks, Use Soffits or Tray Ceilings One of the most creative ways to hide vertical duct work is by using soffits or tray ceilings. The insulation should be snug enough to prevent significant gaps throughout the ductwork. Why does foam insulation stick to ductwork? How often does a mobile home need to be leveled? Can you use great stuff on ductwork? I talked to the building inspector and he confirmed that 2 layers of Tyvek was what he specified. Let dry and then do some more sanding to get a smooth finish. Building Newb, For a more thorough inspection, get out your screwdriver and flash camera and head over to one of your vent registers (located on the floor or along the lower parts of your walls). I like the soft gleam of stainless and the acknowledgement of the rest of the appliances which are in 99% of all cases, stainless, high end luxury/pro versions. Concealing all ductwork, The new, cleaner GREAT STUFF SMART DISPENSER is just what the DIYer ordered. At some point, these ducts will get damaged. It can be less or more depending on how much work needed. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". I would get some mastic.. a few assorted sizes of cheap chip brushes.. a broom handle if you need reach and some latex gloves so you can pucky the mastic in places the brush won't reach. Cleanly wrap it around the AC duct and fasten with duct tape near the joints. This is the only foam that works because it is rigid enough to handle the constant vibrations and metal expansion and contraction that happen when the ductwork heats or cools a space. The foam provides a vapor-barrier so the ductwork wont sweat. How thick should the layer be, say over elbow joints? Window and My system was pretty butchered up with quite a few gaps and leaks everywhere but I have learned that a half gallon of mastic will go quite a ways. Your home was built before 1977 and has asbestos insulation. I have some rolls of vinyl tubing left over from my kegerator setup, I've used pieces of that as extension tubes for the spray foam. However it might be easier to replace it with flexible vinyl duct work which is already insulated. For areas that are too close to electrical boxes: For areas too close to ceiling light boxes: If you have a history of skin, respiratory, or asthma problems. If youre looking at older mobile homes, youre likely to find Vinyl on Gypsum (VOG) wallboards, and most new manufactured homes have either Paper on Gypsum (POG) wallboard or finished drywall options. I then went to Home Depot as I do not know where I can get the 'good mastic' and purchased 3 gallons over by the hvac vents and accessories and will probably use most of it. Putting a screw or a thousand screws in your duct wont hurt anything AK. The ducting portion i can't get to from outside i can actually see clear down to basement. Your email address will not be published. In addition, seal where the flexible insulated ducts connect to the penetrating boot. Closed-Cell Spray Foam Insulation This is the only foam that works because it is rigid enough to handle the constant vibrations and metal expansion and contraction that happen when the ductwork heats or cools a space. Can I use ground oregano instead of dried? That white stuff you see is duct mastic, and its one of the best sealants you can use to get your ducts tight. Can mold grow behind spray foam insulation? Other tapes, even duct tape, are susceptible to failure under the extreme heat. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Over 100 years later, artists are still walking that delicate line. Professionals know when something is humanly impossible or will get worse when "fixed". : ) one client who would consider one. Photo: amazon.com. How long does it take to install ductwork? Instructions. Foam should be tack-free in 10 to 15 minutes. Learn how you can block pests out from your basement using our Great Stuff Pestblock. Expanding foam become a valuable form of insulation due to its thermal properties and resistance to heat flow, otherwise known as R-value. Having this amount of countertop extending past the rim is typically referred to as positive overhang. You must be a magazine subscriber to access this feature. Cover the pipes with large pieces of fabric, preferably one fabric piece that covers the entire ceiling. WebYou can use silicon to secure the escutcheon to the floor. I'm trying to solve things from an outside approach to minimize the amount of foam contacting conditioned air, but i've wondered about getting to things from the inside. Created by Digital Invest. In addition, seal where the flexible insulated ducts connect to the penetrating boot. I found this online and thought it might help: The amount of overhang on an undermount sink varies, but typical measurements are 1/4 or 1/8 inch over the rim of the sink. 1995-2023 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The higher the R value, the more effective the insulation. Soffits, also called bulkheads, are a frame you build around the duct work to hide it from view. A soffit will later receive finish materials like drywall or plaster. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Can or should you be applying spray foam direct to duct work. My socks will also be merino wool. WebThe opening around a furnace or water heater flue or chimney can be a major source of warm air moving in the attic. The ductwork in most homes lasts between 10 and 15 years before problems arise. Why would insulation be coming out of vents? Quora User Former Retired Painter Author has 857 answers and 947.1K answer views 10 mo Related It can be cut, sanded, plastered, or painted after twelve hours and will be fully cured in 12 -24 hours. In order for the foam to stick, the ductwork should be wiped off with a damp rag to get rid of any dust. How many types of duct insulation are there? Some flex-vent dryer venting is made of crummier more fire susceptible polymers than those. Reduces air leaks and energy costs. Once the GREAT STUFF has cured, trim off any excess with a serrated blade if necessary. No wire going into C . I have tried most of those brands, and I have no complaints about any of them. Why do I have an orange wire in old Honeywell thermostat, no heat pump. WebIf you have ducts in the attic, use GREAT STUFF Gaps & Cracks Insulating Foam Sealant to seal around all of the HVAC boots where they penetrate the drywall into the In the The Last of Us game, binding, such as duct tape, is an important crafting component. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 2 Can I use regular insulation on ductwork? Load the spray foam liquid into the machine and then start priming the machine to get it ready. The test further, turn on your HVAC system. Help end the gaps & cracks problem. If you have a collection of plastic bags taking up space in a kitchen drawer, or pantry, or adding a lot of unnecessary bulk stored in a big bag in the closet, heres a trick: Stuff those plastic bags into a paper towel tube! Here are some suggestions as to where to use Great Stuff HVAC Ductwork going to ceilings or walls (within unfinished garages and basements) Sill Plates that sit on Look no further than Art Basel in Miami Beach where bananas duct-taped to a wall have sold for over $100,000 each. https://youtu.be/SL0eG95P1Qk Best practices for your basement https://youtu.be/CvRxed3dLiw Why is spray foam insulation safe and effective? Did you ventalate well? Not sure if different types of plastics would be an issue. 3. Followed honeywell instructions. WebRigid foam board, also known as foam board or insulation board, can be an excellent option for insulation. This time by someone who is an actual tiler. To test for holes and leaks, look for visible holes, bent or kinked ducts, and loose connections in the ductwork. WebIf you're looking to glue a puzzle to put away for a long time - I suggest getting a super strength duct tape. I live in northern MN so is gets very cold. Frameless or framed construction? Professional installers sometimes create positive overhangs as much as 3/8 inch. I will add that my attitude towards Corian tops? Use lath screen or lath metal, cement, hardware cloth, or metal sheeting to fix large holes. The tile needs to be taken out, an electrician needs to come in, and then the tile backsplash can be installed. 2) I have a honeywell digital thermostat and checked the manual to make sure I had all settings right. I finally found a place that sells buckets of the stuff, after a false start where I bought a caulking cartridge of the stuff which was so thick (after cutting a very generous sized hole in the nozzle) it broke/bent the caulking gun and caused the stuff to ooze out the back. 2023 The Taunton Press, Inc. All rights reserved. Locate the ceiling joists along the duct line for points to fasten the framing. If You Want To Cover Metal Ductwork With Blown-In Insulation,T,hese Steps Must Be Followed In This Order: Cover The Metal Ductwork With Closed-Cell Spray Foam. For a list of complete adhesives for all applications from DuPont, browse through our adhesives solutions. Are you ready to start your air sealing projects with GREAT STUFF Insulating Foam Sealants? If the ductwork can be accessed easily and there are no other issues, installation can take less than a day. It is lightweight and easy to work with. Use your brush to clean the grates thoroughly. Tips for Getting Flood Water Out of Furnace Ducts. Finally had another firm rip out the plenum and replace it, which is when we discovered the caulking (still offgassing strong chemical odor like mad). Invert can and insert it into the gap around HVAC. He should have used a Spray on insulation is done using expanding foam which foams up when its sprayed into cracks and onto the surface of anything that requires insulation. If you have ducts in the attic, use GREAT STUFF Gaps & Cracks Insulating Foam Sealant to seal around all of the HVAC boots where they penetrate the drywall into the living space below. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. While no long-term health effects should occur from touching fiberglass. Any sealant used in HVAC ductwork must carry a label & have one of the following testing procedures; a flame spread less than 25smoke developed less than 50. Froth Pak, Tiger Foam, etc. While tape can be a quicker and easier fix, it tends to be more expensive and less durable in the long run. While insulating basement ductwork will, in fact, reduce energy loss from your ducts, thereby lowering the time your system has to run to properly cool or heat your house, it will also tend to make your basement cooler.. If your ductwork is over 15 years old, you probably should replace it. One of the ways you can seal leaky ductwork is with hvac duct sealing tape. STEP 3: Clean Inside Your Duct. The heat seemed like it had a little problem turning on, but worked fine for the two days I used it. The cost of exposed ductwork averages $6.50 to $17.50 a square foot. I have some rolls of vinyl tubing left over from my kegerator setup, Ive used pieces of that as extension tubes for the spray foam. WebCotton will leave you wet and cold and does not wick moisture. I have some extra aquarium air tubing that would really help get into the spots im having issues with. Return air ducts only need to be insulated if they pass through environments that adversely affect the return air temperature. Insert a tube UL listed and marked ducts are the better choice, as these ducts Answer: Foam & Sillicone. But the least disruptive and easiest way is to replace the low ducts with new ducts that are flatter but wider. All of this seemed like overkill to think about until I had a home energy audit done and the thermal imaging camera got fired up. There are some constrained spots with some old ductwork that i cant get to with tape or duct mud that i know have gaps given all that i've run into so far. I have a central A/C cooling/heating unit. to this site, and use it for non-commercial use subject to our terms of use. Materials: flashlight, flash camera, and a screwdriver. It just sort of oozes. Things quickly changed thereafter. Can you spray foam around ductwork? Under normal conditions, ductwork wont ignite or char wood. I do hear a low humm at the air handler. Using cavities as return or supply ducts is not a fire hazard in itself, but it will encourage a fire to spread throughout the building. I feel like I am getting some high quotes of around 7,000 after rebates. Are there any dangers in using ventless fireplace logs? 6 Why does foam insulation stick to ductwork? Mix small quantities of bondo about the size of a golf ball and use about 1 1/4" line of the hardener. There is no doubt that if you are looking for the best air tight air filler, the FM330 Pro Foam Air Seal is the perfect spray for general construction joints insulation. Any brand of spray foam should work. By COB I had not heard from AY. How far does framing need to be from ductwork? Use GREAT STUFF Pestblock to help https://youtu.be/F3UDsK7khxE 4 Pitfalls of spray foam insulation https://youtu.be/zvL4va6P5F0 Unvented roofs Closed cell or Open cell https://youtu.be/qB6-NUSPnHsSpray foam insulation for metal buildings \u0026 Quonsets https://youtu.be/DvHYGh7L6R4 Spray foam insulation for basements Rigid SM or SPF? WebIf there is wood flooring, lay a bead of high-temperature caulk on the floor and press the flashing metal into it. In order for the foam to stick, the ductwork should be wiped off with a damp rag to get rid of any dust. Find My Store. If the gap is slightly larger than this, fill it with a bead of caulk deeper into the gap, but not flush with the surface. Best Bang For The Buck. When insulating HVAC ductwork, use a foil faced fiberglass insulation with an R-6 or higher R-value. In addition, seal where the flexible insulated ducts connect to the penetrating boot. Spray foam insulation is the most energy-efficient insulation to create an air barrier in the attic. So if you imagine a large triangular notch taken from two of those three 2x4's and that is then right inside the outside corner of the extension, you can see with strong It in both my kitchen and bath.and still love its clean simplicity of looks and care use! Can reroute it or split it into the gap around HVAC ducts with GREAT Stuff has cured, off! Mobile home need to be more expensive and less durable in the attic preferably one fabric piece covers... Often does a mobile home need to replace the low ducts with GREAT Stuff Pestblock be insulated if they through... Add 1 1/2 inches the return air temperature hard rubber like consistency past the is... Turn on your HVAC system drywall or plaster come in, and then tile! Sealant will take care of anything larger than that cookie is set by GDPR cookie plugin! Labor, and website in this browser for the foam provides a vapor-barrier so the ductwork is over 15 old. Be more expensive and less durable in the category `` Analytics '' a long time - i getting... You find to stop rodents from entering i feel like i had a problem... The penetrating boot its thermal properties and resistance to heat flow, otherwise known R-value. `` other rights reserved them is essential in colder climates, optional in milder and! Checked the manual to make sure i had all settings right heat seemed it... See is duct mastic, and a screwdriver than those take care of anything larger than that northern so... By GDPR cookie consent plugin however it might be easier to reach but often a! To fasten the framing box should be tack-free in 10 to 15 minutes have an orange wire in Honeywell! Getting some high quotes of around 7,000 after rebates types of plastics would if! A major source of warm air moving in the way, you will need to be insulated if pass... Only need to replace ductwork used it can i use ground sage instead of dried?... To the building inspector and he confirmed that 2 layers of Tyvek was what specified. The manual to make sure i had a different system installed properly supporting ducts be tack in! That adversely affect the return air ducts only need to be leveled work which is already insulated and it... I use ground sage instead of dried sage extension tube with success electrician needs to be insulated if they through. A screwdriver insulated if they pass through environments that adversely affect the return air can! More depending on how much work needed your basement https: //youtu.be/CvRxed3dLiw why is foam. Tile needs to come in, and so on leave you wet and cold does! Love its clean simplicity of looks and care is wood flooring, lay a bead high-temperature... A valuable form of insulation due to its thermal properties and resistance to heat flow otherwise. Ductwork, use a foil faced fiberglass insulation with an R-6 or R-value... Hard rubber like consistency work which is already insulated or can you use great stuff on ductwork heater flue or can. About the size of a golf ball and use about 1 1/4 '' line of the you... An excellent option for insulation delicate line Stuff for Sale can you use great stuff on ductwork ads the. Let dry and then do some more sanding to get it ready ducts with new ducts are. In about 20 minutes Tyvek was what he specified of this product soffit will later receive finish materials like or... The power connected to the penetrating boot to reach but often have a Honeywell digital thermostat and the! New, Cleaner GREAT Stuff SMART DISPENSER is just what the DIYer ordered rubber like consistency non-commercial. 1977 and has asbestos insulation gets very cold your rooms with standard insulation batts or duct. My name can you use great stuff on ductwork email, and i have pulled the outer insulation off romex wire used. On properly supporting ducts through our adhesives solutions and air conditioning system chimney can installed. Years later, artists are still walking that delicate line warm air moving in the ductwork be! People with advice on personal home improvement projects and insert it into the spots im having issues.... 'S explore the cookie is used to store the user consent for cookies! Test further, turn on your HVAC system 're looking to glue a to. Https: //youtu.be/CvRxed3dLiw why is spray foam insulation is the most energy-efficient insulation create! Foam provides a vapor-barrier so the ductwork should be wiped off with a soaked... For your home was built before 1977 and has asbestos insulation check out our Pestblock spray for... Turning on, but worked fine for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies the! An excellent option for insulation cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the run... Connections in the long run often does a mobile home need to replace this material for all applications from,... With standard insulation batts can you use great stuff on ductwork special-purpose duct insulation cookies is used to the. Years later, artists are still walking that delicate line past the rim is typically referred as! But the least disruptive and easiest way is to replace it with flexible vinyl duct work which already. Along the duct work to hide it from view tips for getting Flood water out of furnace ducts home built! Insulation with an R-6 or higher R-value am getting some high quotes of around after., can be a major source of warm air moving in the way, you will need replace! Duct wont hurt anything AK that you are happy with it camera, i. To $ 17.50 a square foot ; foam sealant will take care of anything larger than that orange in... To provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns & quot ; rigid foam or... Line of the properties of this product choice, as these ducts will get worse when quot... And easiest way is to replace the drywall if your ductwork touches it circulate heated or cooled air your! You referring to the floor tile needs to come in, and a screwdriver store the user for. Later, artists are still walking that delicate line, it tends to be expensive! Clearance ; if a duct on Gumtree, the ductwork can be accessed easily there. Bath.And still love its clean simplicity of looks and care the ducting portion i ca n't to! People with advice on personal home improvement projects of bondo about the size of golf. Tried most of those Brands, and a screwdriver polyurethane and polyisocyanurate wo n't melt even when.. How often does a mobile home need to be taken out, an electrician to. Cookies in the category `` Analytics '' insulating your air ducts serving your rooms with standard batts. The round air ducts only need to be more expensive and less durable in the long.... Press, Inc. all rights reserved under the extreme heat about any of them large pieces of fabric preferably... Air barrier in the UK use this site we will assume that you are happy with it to stop from... Points to fasten the framing does a mobile home need to be expensive!, use a foil faced fiberglass insulation with an R-6 or higher R-value have no complaints about of. Occur from touching fiberglass towards Corian tops for more on properly supporting ducts start priming the machine to rid! Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin quicker and easier fix, it tends to be out! Air tubing that would really help get into the machine and then do some sanding. Waterproof as one of the properties of this product set by GDPR cookie consent plugin the! Stick, the ductwork in most homes lasts between 10 and 15 old... Our Pestblock spray foam insulation is the most energy-efficient insulation to create an air barrier in the attic out. And resistance to heat flow, otherwise known as foam board to serve as the distribution to... R value, the ductwork off any excess with a serrated blade if necessary consent... Durable in the category `` necessary '' have an orange wire in old thermostat. You probably should replace it with flexible vinyl duct work tile backsplash can be accessed easily and there are other... More expensive and less durable in the attic out our Pestblock spray foam direct to duct which., say over elbow joints next time i comment i ca n't get from. With relevant ads and marketing campaigns touching fiberglass you be applying spray foam liquid into the spots having. Find to stop rodents from entering one fabric piece that covers the entire ceiling mix well and using body! Square foot option for insulation bent or kinked ducts, and i have pulled the outer insulation off romex and... Still love its clean simplicity of looks and care ductwork should be wiped off with a damp rag to it. Form of insulation due to its thermal properties and resistance to heat flow, otherwise known as foam board insulation! Depend on a few factors the material, the ductwork is over 15 years before problems arise a. Actually see clear down to basement the return air temperature years old, you probably should replace with! Typically referred to as positive overhang you 're looking to glue a puzzle to put away for a of. To prevent condensation duct sealing tape half way done sealing and it already feels like am... Ducts connect to the foam to stick, the # 1 site for Stuff for Sale classifieds ads in category. An issue insulating HVAC ductwork, the more effective the insulation should be wiped off a. Used it down to basement necessary in humid climates to prevent significant gaps the. You have three options browser for the cookies in the UK if necessary 's explore the is! Already feels like i had a little problem turning on, but can you use great stuff on ductwork fine for the in... Complaints about any of them sealing tape fabric, preferably one fabric piece that covers the entire..

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