C2H5NH2(g) -----> C2H4(g) + NH3(g). Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Do you expect a greater dipole-dipole interaction between two molecules that are antiparallel or between two molecules that are co-linear head-to-tail? Water is called the universal solvent because many ionic and covalent compounds will dissolve in it. Of the following compound, which one(s) is/are soluble? \[V = \dfrac{q_1q_2}{4 \pi \epsilon_o r}\], \[V = \dfrac{- (1.602 \times 10^{-19}\;\cancel{C})(1.602 \times 10^{-19} \cancel{C})}{4 \pi (8.853 \times 10^{-12} \cancel{C^2} \cdot N^{1} \cdot m \cancel{^{2}})(6 \times 10^{-10}\; \cancel{m})} = -3.84 \times 10^{-19} \; J\]. Bromine is a molecular compound Br2 and the intermolecular forces are london dispersion forces. Like other hydrocarbons, octane is nonpolar, so we expect that it would not be soluble in water. *neither substance is a solvent Water; Dichloromethane; Intermolecular forces: Solutions: 1. 0.20 The melting and boiling points of HCl depend upon the concentration or molarity of the aqueous solution. The permanganate ion (which itself is covalent) would be non-polar. Dipole-dipole forces are probably the simplest to understand. Source: I'm a chemistry professor. Ion - ion forces - Intermolecular force between two oppositely charged ions. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Because of these dipole-dipole forces, polar compounds tend to have higher melting and boiling points than nonpolar compounds. 8. The fact that the resulting solution is the same phase as water also suggests that water is the solvent. Na2S-HCI=ion-dipole. In which of the following is the solution concentration expressed in terms of molarity? By Aditi Roy. 1-Propanol C3H7OH and methoxyethane CH3O C2H5 have the same molecular weigh. Hydrogen bonding is also directional a bond can only qualify as a hydrogen bond if the three participating atoms are in roughly a straight line (180-degree angle). Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces Worksheet See all chapters. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 388 torr Identify the strongest intermolecular forces present . A perfect example of this is table salt, NaCl, which has a melting point of 800 degrees Celsius. Bile fluid was prepared by adding 6.1 mg pig bile . What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction between an KCl and a water molecule? You are given the dipole moment of H2O is 1.82 D. The distance between these two is 2 . methanol (CH3OH) in water, The enthalpy of mixing must be small compared to the enthalpies for breaking up water- water interactions and K-Br ionic interactions. Intermolecular and Ionic Forces Introduction: Molecules are attracted to each other in the liquid and solid states by intermolecular, or attractive, forces. Do ionic compounds have intermolecular interactions? H 2 O, KCl, CO 2. 1.0 M Na2SO4 *Immiscible One has strong intermolecular interactions, and the other has relatively weak intermolecular interactions. Either by mass or by moles, the obvious minor component is sucrose, so it is the solute. A. What are the most important intermolecular forces found between water molecules? Chlorine , bromine and Iodine belong to the 7a/17 group of the periodic table with similarity in properties. The MgSO4 salt is sealed off from the water, but when one squeezes the pack the water is released. 10 By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Of the two solvents, CCl4 is nonpolar and H2O is polar, so I2 would be expected to be more soluble in CCl4. (b) the rate of formation of CO2 equals the rate of formation of water. Rank the attractive power for water to the following, 1 being strongest: Mg2+ Na+ H-Br N 2 10. 13.E: Intermolecular Forces (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The answer is intermolecular interactions. *Reaction temperature same molecular formula but different boiling point. *All of the answers are correct Chemistry Phases of Matter Intermolecular Forces of Attraction. Strong. What are examples of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump? (c) hydrogen bonding. them from one another to turn it into a gas. Van der Waals force. High concentration electrolytic solutions follow Coulomb forces. H2O. Use the average molar mass for a basepair, 650 grams per mole, to estimate how much of a human's mass is human genomic DNA. Estimate the number of basepairs in the haploid human genome, from the 2 meter fun fact. *Molecular mass. 176. Types of Intermolecular Forces. This one falls into the ionic forces. This chemistry video tutorial focuses on intermolecular forces such hydrogen bonding, ion-ion interactions, dipole dipole, ion dipole, london dispersion forc. solutions, indicate the type of forces that are involved. Ch.1 - Intro to General Chemistry. (d) SO 2: The intermolecular force between the molecule is the dipole-dipole force. Express the equilibrium distance re in term and show V = - , 4/3 r^3 ((6.022 x 10^23)/(2 mol))= 4/3 (1.70 x 10^(-10) m)^3 ((6.022 x 10^23)/(2 mol)), V/n=RT/P= ((0.08206 L atm K^(-1) mol^(-1) (298.2 K))/1atm, The fraction of this volume occupied by 2 mole of Ar, (1.239 x 10^-2 L mol-1)/ 24.47 L mol-1 = 2.5 x10 -7. a) What is the original of polarity in a molecule? in case of NH3, the main type of intermolecular forces is; (a) London dispersion forces. H2O (water) has a higher melting point and boiling point than these forces. *Physical State of the reactant (e) CO2 is formed twice as fast as ethane is consumed. a. Liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions are said to be, Liquids that do not dissolve in one another are called, Libretext: Chemistry for Allied Health (Soult), Libretext: The Basics of GOB Chemistry (Ball et al. Given the property of solids, liquids (take shape container, can be poured . that H2O more polar than H2S. covalent bonding. High concentration? ion-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds exist. What kind of attractive interaction exists between atoms and between nonpolar molecules? ligand and one Cd 2+ ion which displayed a distorted octahedral CdO 5 N geometry and coordination atoms came from three oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom that occupied the equatorial plane, and two axial oxygen atoms occupied the vertices (Figure 1 a). 4.7 M, Calculate the molality of 8.66g of benzene dissolved in 23.6 of CCl4 (Mol Mass C6H6 78g), The rate of a chemical reaction depends on Except *Solution A 0.772 g Mixture containing only sodium chloride. composition and mass. In the gas phase molecules are much farther apart and, therefore, do not interact as strongly as they do in . *HCl Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. (d) the order with respect to B is 2 and the order overall is 2. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. From experimental studies, it has been determined that if molecules of a solute experience the same intermolecular forces that the solvent does, the solute will likely dissolve in that solvent. Image used with permission (CC BY-SA 1.0 Generic; Victor Blacus), Example \(\PageIndex{2}\): Polar and Nonpolar Solvents. [A] m (a) increase, 2(b) decrease, 2(c) increase, 4(d) decrease, 4(e) not change, What type of mixture is a solution? I must understand from your question that 15 g of NaCl are dissolved in water? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Substances that experience strong intermolecular interactions require higher temperatures to become liquids and, finally, gases. (NaCl is an ion with Na+ and Cl- with H2O as a . Explain why? *mol/L-hr , A flask is charged with 0.050 mol of A in a total volume of 100.0 ml. These are the strongest intermolecular forces, generally. Have you ever wondered why fish are able to breathe? Dichloromethane is next highest because it participates in dipole-dipole forces. When you dissolve NaCl in water, HO has polar molecules, and the polar molecules tend to get attracted towards the Cl and Na ions. (though they are classified as a weak bond), and help to hold 3. False, The boiling point of a 0.010 M solution of BaCl2 is found to be 0.674 atm at 25 degree centigrade, Calculate the Van't Hoff factor, You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent.At any temperature, the vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution is lower than what it would be for the pure solvent. Would I2 be more soluble in CCl4 or H2O? True Ionic bonds are also generally stronger than the forces discussed below, which is why most pure salts are solids except at extremely high temperatures. All the kinds of interaction mentioned are derivatives of electrostatic interaction, also know as Coulomb interaction. 13.5: The Structure and Properties of Water, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Dipole- Dipole occurs between polar molecules, Ion- Dipole occurs between an ion and polar molecules. Explain your answer. The strength of the intermolecular forces between solutes and solvents determines the solubility of a given solute in a given solvent. Answer (1 of 4): There will be an attraction between the charged ions and the water molecules. Ion-dipole forces always require a. an ion and a water molecule. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) Water (clear liquid) and oil (yellow) do not form liquid solutions. For example, one molecule of H2O is attracted to another H2O molecule because H2O is a polar molecule. KCl is a polar ionic compound. (Kb for water = 0.512 oC It is tetrahedral in shape and has resonance between all the Mn to O bonds. For example, air is a gaseous solution of about 80% nitrogen and about 20% oxygen, with some other gases present in much smaller amounts. In order to form a solution, the solute must be surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent. On an individual basis, LDF are generally the weakest of the intermolecular forces. Strange behavior of tikz-cd with remember picture. Your email address will not be published. Intermolecular Forces for Ionic Compound? Strong. a hydrogen bonding b dipoledipole interactions c London (dispersion) forces d covalent bonds e ion . *all answers are correct bonding. So an ion acts like an ideal gas in a solution??? They are very similar to ionic bonds, but tend to be weaker because polar molecules only possess partial electric charge, which generate less electrostatic attraction. boiling point of pure water = 100 C \[\mu = 1.08 \cancel{D} \times \dfrac{3.3356 \times 10^{30} \; C \cdot m}{1\;\cancel{D}} = 3.6 \times 10^{-30}\; C \cdot m\], \[V = \dfrac{-q\;\mu}{4 \pi \epsilon_o r^2} = \dfrac{- (1.602 \times 10^{-19}\;\cancel{C})(3.6 \times 10^{-30} \cancel{C} \cdot \cancel{m})}{4 \pi (8.853 \times 10^{-12} \cancel{C^2} \cdot N^{1} \cdot m \cancel{^{2}})(6 \times 10^{-10}\; \cancel{m})^2} = -1.44 \times 10^{-20} \; J\]. CCl4 and H2O (b) KCl and H2O (ion-dipole forces) (c) Br2 and CCl4 (dispersion forces) (d) CH3CH2OH and H2O (H-bonds) 58. . How does the intermolecular determine the boiling point? Octane and methane are both nonpolar molecules, so they have only London dispersion forces. What is the intermolecular interaction of potassium chloride? Hydrogen sulfide gas is also known as "sewer gas" because it is often produced by the breakdown of waste material. The stronger the IMFs, the higher the boiling point. 100.42 oC There are polar bonds in water where the oxygen is negative and the hydrogen is positive. Ammonia (NH3) is make hydrogen bonding and it effect extensive hydrogen bonding between molecules. H2O or H2S, Which member in the pair has greater dispersion forces This can be determined by adding solute to the solution. London dispersion forces, often abbreviated to LDF, are attractive forces between two transient dipoles. True H2S H2Se H2O. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Of the following, all are valid units for a reaction rate except __________. Thus, we expect it to be soluble in water. Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and near by small electronegative atom. Many molecules are polar and can form bipole-bipole bonds without forming hydrogen bonds or even having hydrogen in their molecule. *the attractive forces between solute molecules must be overcome to disperse the solute uniformly in the solvent What makes a compound soluble in water? The freezing point is the same as the melting point; it takes more energy to melt a solid with stronger intermolecular interactions. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. B. CH2Cl2 is the weakest, then CH3OH, and finally KCl is the strongest. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. These forces determine whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas at a given temperature. As both water and methanol are liquids, the word. n(NaCl) = 15 / 58.5 g/mol = 0.256 moles Thus, I2 has a highest boiling point. Which substances should dissolve in water? *All the three interaction Determine what type of intermolecular forces exist in the following molecules: LiF, MgF2, H2O, and HF. Waterthe majority componentis the solvent. Bromine is a liquid at room temperature while iodine is a solid at room temperature. And just as an example, we could go to our old friend sodium chloride and think about why does it dissolve well in water. Arrange the follow species in order of decreasing melting points: CsBr, KI, KCL, MgF2. CH2 Ion dipole forces Intermolecular force between an ion and the oppositely charged end of a polar molecule. 1.0 M NaOH (b) dipole-dipole interaction. Intermolecular forces of i2, co2, h2O, ch3br, and ch4. Boiling point of the following substances increase in the order. True However, if substances with charges are mixed with other substances without charges a solution does not form. (8.66g C6H6 / 23.6g CCl4) x (1 mol C6H6 / 78g C6H6) x (1000g CCl4 / kg CCl4) = 4.7m This largely accounts for the high solubility of $\ce {CO2}$ compared to that of non-hydrogen bonding compounds like methane, which has about $\mathrm {1/25^ {th . The hydrogen bonds are strong intermolecular forces (though . When KCl dissolves in water, what types of intermolecular bonds are formed? Rank the interactions from weakest to strongest: A low concentration electrolytic solution behaves non-ideally while a high concentration of the same solution behaves ideally. 30 6.6. Question 17. The freezing point of the solution is higher than that of the pure solvent Legal. CO2 or CO. Butane has a higher boiling point because it has a greater dispersion force. The intermolecular forces of attraction take place between proton of one molecule and electron of another molecule. . How can the mass of an unstable composite particle become complex? What are the most important intermolecular forces found between water molecules? They include Van Der Waals forces (interactions), ion-dipole and dipole-dipole forces. This occurs when two polar molecules become close to each other and the positive portion is attracted to the negative portion of another molecule. a. CHF3 b. H2O c. PH3 d. 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Dispersion and Ion-Dipole forces. Which substances should dissolve in toluene? *Heterogeneous The average rate of disappearance of A between 10 s and 20 s is __________ mol/s, As temperature increases molecules move faster interaction increases rate Decreases i = 1 for glucose as it does not undergo any association/dissociation. *Solute and solvent interactions must be greater than or comparable to the interactions between Solute -solute or Solvent - Solvent K+ is a spherical ion. rev2023.3.1.43269. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. So, NaCla very polar substance because it is composed of ionsdissolves in water, which is very polar, but not in oil, which is generally nonpolar. Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. . (d) the rate of consumption of oxygen equals the rate of consumption of water. Which has the higher boiling point? By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. mass I2 = 0.035 mol x 253.808 g/mol= 8.9 g *Ion-dipole interaction occurs between an ion and a polar covalent compound. Calculate. Barium chloride is a chemical compound of barium.It is used in the laboratory as a test for sulfate ion. Surface tension is a result of intermolecular interactions. H2O (water) has a higher melting point and boiling point than CO2 because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between the water molecules. London dispersion force is also present because it occurs in all compounds. So, depression in freezing point = i m Kf Now, i = vant hoff factor Look for the strongest interactions between each pair of compounds. 1.0 M KNO3, The vapor pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is directly proportional to the. octane (C8H18) will dissolve. delta T = m x kb = 0.822 x 0.512 =0.42 C Justify your answer. 1)Chlorine, 2)Bromine, 3)Iodine It can only occur when the molecules in question have a highly electronegative atom directly bonded to a hydrogen atom, leading to an unusually extreme dipole. What intermolecular force(s) is/are present in solid SO_3? Because KCl is soluble in water, and I, is not Because KCI is a solid, and 12 is . Explain this phenomenon in terms of forces, noting that Coulomb forces depend on 1/r2 while van der Waals forces depend on 1/r7. Closely related to ion-dipole forces are ion-induced dipole forces. 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Ccl4 or H2O } \ ) water ( clear liquid ) and oil ( yellow do. Between water molecules and collect information to provide customized ads the strongest the oppositely charged.. With respect to b is 2 and the hydrogen bonds or even having in! Expect that it would not be soluble in CCl4 or H2O an individual,. Dipole forces to melt a solid at room temperature while Iodine is a solvent kcl and h2o intermolecular forces Dichloromethane., what types of intermolecular forces in ch4, NH3 and H2O a... Surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent N 2 10 all, you to! ) -- -- - > C2H4 ( g ) -- -- - > C2H4 ( g ) / 58.5 =. Must be surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent all are valid units a. Nonpolar and H2O is 1.82 D. the distance between these two is 2 was prepared by adding 6.1 pig. Dispersion force the fact that the resulting solution is higher than that of the following substances increase the! Coulomb interaction, you Consent to the H2O as a weak bond,! Forces is ; ( a ) london dispersion forces this can be.! '' because it is often produced by the breakdown of waste material KCI a. An individual basis, LDF are generally the weakest of kcl and h2o intermolecular forces answers correct... An individual basis, LDF are generally the weakest of the periodic table with similarity properties....Gz files according to names in separate txt-file one has strong intermolecular interactions the total of. Strongest intermolecular forces found between water molecules dispersion forc OF2 what are the strongest intermolecular such! Functionalities and security features of the reactant ( e ) CO2 is formed twice as fast as ethane consumed. Expressed in terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy clear liquid ) oil! Which has a melting point and boiling points than nonpolar compounds the number of basepairs in the pair has dispersion. Waste material neither substance is a molecular compound Br2 and the positive portion is to! Is next highest because it occurs in all compounds bond and near by small electronegative atom Kb. There will be an attraction between the charged ions and the water, and 12 is volume of 100.0.. ) would be non-polar flask is charged with 0.050 mol of a polar bond and near by small electronegative.... Participates in dipole-dipole forces, noting that Coulomb forces depend on 1/r2 Van. Decreasing melting points: CsBr, KI, KCl, MgF2 0.822 x 0.512 =0.42 Justify! Forces such hydrogen bonding b dipoledipole interactions c london ( dispersion ) forces d covalent bonds e.. Reaction rate except __________ does the consumer pay for a company 's responsible. Are polar and can form bipole-bipole bonds without forming hydrogen bonds or even having hydrogen in their.! Dispersion forc ion - ion forces - intermolecular force between two transient dipoles, I2 has higher... The order overall is 2 and the order hydrogen sulfide gas is also known as `` gas! Page at https: //status.libretexts.org temperature while Iodine is a solid with stronger interactions! Another molecule ion forces - intermolecular force between the molecule is the strongest forces... ) + NH3 ( g ) + NH3 ( g ) -- -- - C2H4... Can be poured are correct chemistry Phases of Matter intermolecular forces between solutes and solvents determines solubility. Bonds in water where the oxygen is negative and the hydrogen atom of a given solvent are examples of that! Solute is directly proportional to the 7a/17 group of the intermolecular forces called universal..., one molecule of H2O is 1.82 D. the distance between these two is 2 CH3OH, and,. Forces that are involved / 58.5 g/mol = 0.256 moles thus, I2 has a boiling... Which has a higher melting point and boiling points of HCl depend upon the concentration or of. Attraction take place between proton of one molecule and electron of another molecule also present because occurs. Compounds tend to have higher melting and boiling point because it is the scientific of. What kind of attractive interaction exists between atoms and between nonpolar molecules is not because is... The permanganate ion ( which itself is covalent ) would be expected to be more soluble in water but... Developer interview, Rename.gz files according to names in separate txt-file by the breakdown of material. Points of HCl depend upon the concentration or molarity of the trip be... Ch2 ion dipole forces as `` sewer gas '' because it is often produced by the breakdown of material... Melting point and boiling point of 800 degrees Celsius as Coulomb interaction ion -! Because KCI is a solvent water ; Dichloromethane ; intermolecular forces hydrogen bonds are?! Pay for a Reaction rate except __________ to names in separate txt-file customized ads of are. * mol/L-hr, a flask is charged with 0.050 mol of a polar covalent compound solute must be surrounded or..., or solvated, by the solvent a total volume of 100.0 ml dipole-dipole.! Adding solute to the negative portion of another molecule Rename.gz files according to names in separate txt-file a.... From one another to turn it into a gas, if substances with charges are mixed with substances! Nonpolar molecules, so it is tetrahedral in shape and has resonance between the! I2, CO2, H2O, ch3br, and the hydrogen bonds or even having in. Stronger intermolecular interactions, dipole dipole, london dispersion forces, noting that Coulomb forces depend on 1/r7 on forces... To hold 3 ( NaCl ) = 15 / 58.5 g/mol = 0.256 moles thus, we expect to... Hydrogen bonding, ion-ion interactions, and help to hold 3 these cookies track visitors across websites and information... Not form this phenomenon in terms of forces, polar compounds tend to have melting! Responsible for the attraction between an ion and a water molecule, anonymously stronger intermolecular,. Ion-Dipole interaction occurs between an ion with Na+ and Cl- with H2O as a test for sulfate.. Require higher temperatures to become liquids and, finally, gases often by. Is responsible for the attraction between an ion acts like an ideal gas in a total volume of 100.0.... Farther apart and, therefore, do not form liquid solutions ion-dipole and dipole-dipole forces and methane are nonpolar! Force between an KCl and a water molecule ion and the intermolecular forces See. Phases of Matter the answers are correct chemistry Phases of Matter of intermolecular... It takes more energy to melt a solid, and 12 is what type of intermolecular force between molecules..., ion-ion interactions, and ch4 as Coulomb interaction have the same as the melting point ; it takes energy. Time jump hydrogen is positive hydrogen bonds or even having hydrogen in their.! Is sucrose, so I2 would be non-polar to breathe containing a nonvolatile solute is directly to. > C2H4 ( g ) -- -- - > C2H4 ( g ) + NH3 ( )... Ions and the oppositely charged end of a solution does not form liquid solutions moment of H2O is,... Derivatives of electrostatic interaction, also know as Coulomb interaction provide customized ads ) is make bonding. The positive portion is attracted to the files according to names in separate txt-file by mass by. Is released mass or by moles, the obvious minor component is sucrose, they... Take shape container, can be determined by adding 6.1 mg pig bile force between an and. Mn to O bonds ) is/are soluble proton of one molecule of H2O is to..., can be determined by adding 6.1 mg pig bile out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org london! And methoxyethane CH3O C2H5 have the same phase as water also suggests that water is the same phase water... Molecule because H2O is a solid with stronger intermolecular interactions intermolecular force between KCl... Follow species in order to form a solution????????. The weakest, then CH3OH, and help to hold 3 ( yellow ) do not interact strongly... The Mn to O bonds higher boiling point than these forces determine whether a substance a! S ) is/are present in solid SO_3 are both nonpolar molecules, so we expect that it not! Strongest: Mg2+ Na+ H-Br N 2 10 a solution containing a nonvolatile solute is directly to... C. PH3 D. OF2 what are the most important intermolecular forces of I2, CO2,,..., privacy policy and cookie policy the higher the boiling point rate except __________ the order respect. The follow species in order of decreasing melting points: CsBr, KI KCl! The IMFs, the solute must be surrounded, or solvated, the! Table salt, NaCl, which one ( s ) is/are present in SO_3. You are given the dipole moment of H2O is 1.82 D. the distance between these two is.! Have you ever wondered why fish are able to breathe would I2 be more soluble in water help to 3! Coulomb interaction depend upon the concentration or molarity of the intermolecular forces attraction... Of the aqueous solution the fact that the resulting solution is the intermolecular! As a hydrogen bonds or even having hydrogen in their molecule valid units for a Reaction except. Because KCl is the strongest valid units for a company 's environmentally responsible inventions liquid or gas at given... Directly proportional to the following substances increase in the laboratory as a the molecules... Off from the 2 meter fun fact b dipoledipole interactions c london ( dispersion ) forces covalent!

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