During the war . . In addition to formal agreements, a slew of defense cooperation groupings have also emerged in recent decades. Whatever the outcome of the Russian invasion, NATO will likely have to provide some form of security guarantees for the Ukraine that emerges on the other side. It is also noteworthy that the US nuclear umbrella has been discreetly expanded in the past decade. In other words, the Europeans could not hide behind the Americans to blunt and counter a Russian attack and backfilling would be the order of the day. Davidson's definition of neoclassical realism is that the theory "argues that in an anarchic international system, states' behavior is driving by the distribution . While their NATO memberships dampen the risk of a full-blown war between them, the United States has been less willing to play a mediating role than it did during the Cold War.126Likewise, an improbable, but not farfetched, scenario calling for Washington to play a mediating role could involve South Korea and Japan. . (Recall that President Trumps disparaging comments about the tiny and aggressive country of Montenegro were precisely meant to signal the fear that an ally could drag the United States into World War III.105Macias and Higgins, Trump Says Defending Tiny NATO Ally Montenegro.) In particular, revisionist countries holding unconditional deterrent agreements are more likely to initiate conflict than if they had not been given an alliance or had been given a conditional deterrent alliance instead.106Brett V. Benson et al., Ally Provocateur: Why Allies Do Not Always Behave,Journal of Peace Research30 (2013), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343312454445. It also helps reduce the risk of nuclear proliferation, a long-standing US and global concern: extended nuclear deterrence is widely considered the best way to discourage an ally from embarking on developing a nuclear weapons program of their own. Significance: Entangling Alliances one of the five reason of World War 1. also one of the causes that made Britain explode (Britain was a powder keg at the time). Finally, the Biden administration has clearly confirmed that it would defend Taiwan against mainland China, rhetorically putting the island on a par with countries protected by treaty-based obligations.42David Brunnstrom, US Position on Taiwan Unchanged Despite Biden Comment: Official, Reuters, August 20, 2021, https://www.reuters.com/world/asiapacific/us-position-taiwan-unchanged-despite-biden-comment-official-2021-08-19/. US nuclear weapons thus protect some fifty countries, or about one-quarter of the worlds total. 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