Violators are subject to a penalty of up to $10,000 per violation. Internet. Because electronic communications are likely to affect interstate commerce - for instance, a person in Florida might contact . If you need counseling or assistance, please visithttp://ovc.ncjrs.gov/findvictimservices/search.asp, *******************************************************************************. 12 Tips to Protect Yourself from Cyberstalking. a bill into law in October 1998 that protects children against online stalking. See 47 U.S.C. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Neither the U.S. Department of Justice nor any of its components operate, control, are responsible for, or necessarily endorse, this website (including, without limitation, its content, technical infrastructure, and policies, and any services or tools provided). Laurie Penny It targets a specific person either by directly contacting them or by disseminating their personal information, causing them distress, fear, or anger. Cyberstalking involves the use of technology (most often, the Internet!) The statute, 18 U.S.C. Cyberstalking a child under the age of 16 or a person of any age for which the offender has been ordered by the courts not to contact is considered "aggravated stalking," a third degree felony under Florida law. Cyberstalking is a term that refers to the misuse of the Internet or other technology to stalk and harass someone. interrupts or impairs the providing of services by any state, county or local government agency, public carrier or public communication service; or otherwise endangers public safety shall be guilty of a felony . We are not able to counsel stalking victims. A life sentence can be imposed if the cyberstalking results in the death of a victim. While most states have laws covering at least some aspects of online abuse, what these laws cover and how they are interpreted by the courts varies widely. The FBI sent letters to social media companies to preserve certain records in order to prevent Latigo from covering his tracks. For example, if someone is physically hurting another, assault statutes might apply. Latest Research Resources. The District of Columbia and 48 states all except Massachusetts and South Carolina currently have laws on the books criminalizing conduct related to NCII. New Challenge for Law Enforcement and Industry, a Report from the Attorney Latigo not only demanded sex, he also sent his victim horrible images and threatening messages. Federal prosecutors charged a Hillsborough County man with cyberstalking recently after a criminal investigation into his online behavior over the past year and a half. Although stalking often takes the form of an outright threat, threats can also be implied or veiled. Even though there is no federal law on cyberbullying, there absolutely is one that covers cyberstalking. This website was made possible with support from the New York Community Trust and Craig Newmark Philanthropies. With some social networking sites, you may be able to make your profile completely private simply by checking a box. (See Civil Code 1708.7 for the elements and remedies of the tort of stalking. Posting messages to online bulletin boards and discussion groups with the victims personal information, such as home address, phone number or Social Security number. The victim does not have to prove that the stalker had the intent to carry out the threat. This Field Manual outlines the types of laws to look out for and potentially leverage (rather than detailing the laws in each state). Take screenshots, save texts and chats, and print out any and all communications. As for the state level, in 1999 California became the first state to develop a law specifically addressing cyberstalking. Featuring Jessica Valenti, Jamia Wilson, and Danielle Citron Some stalkers may use technology to find/track your location and to monitor what you do online (or offline). How Much Does a First-Time DWI/DUI Cost in Texas? Section 2261A(2) makes it a federal crime to stalk another person across state, tribal or international lines, using regular mail, email, or the Internet. Fines may range from $1,000 to $10,000. A few of the ways this can be accomplished include: Often related to social media is another type of harassment called revenge porn, or the online posting of explicit photos or videos of people without their permission. I am a middle school student, and I am doing an argument essay on cyberstalking. Copyright PEN America 2023 - All Rights Reserved, Protecting from Hacking and Impersonation, Navigating Comments Sections & Message Boards, Dealing with Harassing Emails & Direct Messages, Guidelines for Safely Practicing Counterspeech, Legal Resources for Writers & Journalists, Guidelines for Talking to Friends and Allies, Guidelines for Talking to Employers about Abuse, Online Harassment as Free Expression Issue, laws related to nonconsensual intimate imagery. Finally, dont hesitate to call 911 for threats of imminent harm. a telephone or telecommunications device to annoy, abuse, harass, or threaten In July 2017, the Pew Research Centers American Trends Panel conducted a nationally representative survey of internet users experiences with online harassment. It remains critical to stay vigilant about password safety and refrain from sharing them with anyone else. But I thought it would be valuable to explore this issue more deeply to share what we know about its definition, differences from cyberbullying, frequency, features, legal implications, and most importantly what we can do to prevent it and what we must do when it happens to us. The information relating to persons who receive notice must be kept confidential and not released to the convicted stalker. There are currently no federal or state laws that explicitly criminalize doxing members of the public. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. However, the crime becomes a third-degree felony punishable by up to 5 years of imprisonment under the following conditions: The alleged offender makes a credible threat, Despite receiving $50,000, Martin also demanded a relationship and sex with the victim. (3) A person who willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyberstalks another person and makes a credible threat to that person commits the offense of aggravated stalking, a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. Even if a harassers conduct does not result in criminal prosecution, targets of online abuse may be able to pursue a civil cause of action against the abusive individual by suing them in civil court for tort claims, in which a plaintiff seeks monetary or injunctive relief from those who have caused them injury or harm (injunctive relief means the court is compelling the harasser to do or not do something). If this has happened to you, you deeply understand the feelings of invasion and violation that surface. (a) The following definitions apply in this section: (1) Electronic communication. This went on for more than a year.. Hi Faith thanks for letting us know. Tort claims vary from state to state, but common tort claims include: intentional infliction of emotional distress, invasion of privacy (also known as public disclosure of private facts), and defamation. The federal government has jurisdiction over cyberstalking crimes if the alleged act occurred across state lines. Stalkers can use the anonymity of the Internet to commit their crimes. This website is funded in part through a grant from the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. In California, both criminal and civil laws address stalking and online harassment. The bank complied with the victims request, but urged her to speak to police about the obvious coercion. Generally speaking, this conduct is threatening or otherwise fear-inducing, involves an invasion of a persons relative right to privacy, and manifests in repeated actions over time [2]. This goes on a lot, Western said, adding that people should not share intimate photos over the Internet or social media sites. to prevent spyware attacks on your devices. Unfortunately, there is no certainty of legal punishment for abusive or hateful conduct. Telephone-harassment statutes are usually upheld by courts, but the behavior they criminalize is different from cyberstalking in one critical way - telephone harassment always occurs person-to-person. Amnesty International, A sexist troll attacked Sarah Silverman. (California Penal Code 442. A stalker may contact you by email, social media sites, a messaging app, or through other online spaces/websites. (17 U.S.C. All states have anti-stalking laws, but the legal definitions vary. More information about the process of seeking a restraining order can be found here. Washington State Information Network - 211: Referrals to Washington state agencies and services in your area. How these laws can be applied varies widely depending on the offense and on the state. Examples of a pattern include contacting the other party through phone, email, social media or other forms of communicationor physical actions, such as following someone. In the state of New York, stalking in the fourth degree is defined (in PEN 120.45) as intentionally engaging in a course of conduct directed at a specific person, and having knowledge that this conduct: . (California Family Code 6320)A victim, family member or witness may request that the California Department of Corrections, county sheriff or the director of the local department of corrections notify them by phone or mail 15 days before a convicted stalker is released from jail or prison. Stalking is considered a crime across the country, but the laws vary by state. This is tricky when victims and defendants live in different states. This applies to the distribution of both photos that the perpetrator took of the victim, as well as pictures the victim took of him/herself. Contact Tampa Cyber Crimes Attorney Bryant Scriven. the perpetrator not reveal his or her name. In most states, civil claims in this area must be brought under the more common torts listed above. National Victim Center website By Phone: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) or 1-800-787-3224 (TTY) . In contrast with states that incorporate the new behavior into older laws, the Washington State Legislature created a new statute for cyberstalking (RCW 9.61.260) that is completely separate from its (traditional) stalking statute. She turned to the FBI, visiting the Houston office in person in spring 2015. A fourth federal law protects children against on-line stalkers. purposes. Overbreadth K.M.S.-M. says the cyberstalking statute under former RCW 9.61.260(1)(a) (2004)2 is unconstitutionally overbroad. Can I get a restraining order based on stalking? All states also have criminal harassment and/or stalking statutes, and most include explicit reference to electronic forms. All states have anti-stalking laws, but the legal definitions vary. To block your phone number for any call, dial *67 before making a call. Annotation. He was relentless, Western said. However, if these acts are done over and over and make you afraid, it may be considered stalking. Under California Penal Code Section . You may want to keep track of any phone calls, drive-bys, text messages, voicemails, emails (print out what you can, with headers including date and time if possible), or anything the stalker does that harasses you or makes you afraid. General to the Vice President, August 1999]. Both men were eventually convicted and sentenced to prison for their crimes under federal cyberstalking statutes. If the defendants actions caused a permanent disability or dismemberment to the victim, the defendants sentence could be increased to twenty years. He repeatedly said he would share nude photos he had taken of her unless she gave him money. Abstract. What is more, Online SOS, Undox.me and Crash Override Network are three other organizations you can contact, particularly if your personal information has been compromised and exposed. Alaska requires each school district to adopt an anti-bullying policy based on the sample policy, which includes cyberbullying. Very frustrating. If you believe that you are being stalked or cyberstalked, learn how to increase your safety on our Safety Tips for Stalking Victims page. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. (8 U.S.C. to travel across state lines with the intent to injure or harass another person Cyberstalking is analogous to traditional forms of stalking in that it incorporates persistent behavior that . Under Florida law, cyberstalking is generally a first-degree misdemeanor, with penalties including up to 1 year in jail. I hope other people will think twice about it.. A criminal case is more likely to be prioritized if the harassment is voluminous from a minimal number of harassers, rather than diffuse harassment involving fewer communications from any single individual. Is there any website or resources that you might know, which would prove that using technology, in certain places, can end badly, like cyberstalking. protections for children, it does not reach harassing phone calls to minors The victim, family member or witness must keep these departments notified of their most current mailing address and telephone number. Some state laws require that the perpetrator make a credible threat of violence against the victim. An example would be an estranged spouse or romantic partner showing up at the other persons home or business repeatedly in a way that causes anxiety. California also incorporates cyberstalking into its stalking statute. Take advantage of privacy settings. In Crescent, Oklahoma, Troy Allen Martin similarly blackmailed his victim for $50,000. to make someone else afraid or concerned about their safety [1]. . In these situations, the proverbial waters are very murky. You can also report cyberstalking through our Report Cyberbullying page, since the organizations we have listed are keen on prohibiting all forms of victimization that might occur on their platforms. At the state level, you can pursue legal remedy via criminal and civil law. ), Another law makes it a crime to use an electronic communication device to distribute personal information of another person without their consent, and with the intent to harass them or cause them fear. However, some state NCII laws can make it harder for the victim to seek justice. If you decide to continue to use social networking sites, here are a few tips to help keep you safe: California was the first state to pass an anti-stalking law in 1990, but now all 50 states have an anti-stalking law. Understanding the Alternatives to Foreclosure. Many state laws that are focused on offline stalking and harassment have been amended to include language addressing the use of electronic forms of communication to perpetrate online harassment. that you store therein. Cyberstalking and Law Enforcement. The act isdefined as using any electronic communications to threaten, terrify or harass. Federal law provides some tools Juvenile Crime No Minor Matter In Tampa, Getting A Criminal Record Expunged In Florida, Its Easier Than You Think For Florida To Send Defendants To Prison For Life Without Parole. Learn more at pen.org. monetary compensation for the infliction of emotional distress and, in certain cases, for illness or other physical harm that resulted from that emotional distress; additional punitive damages meant to deter the perpetrator from continuing the harassment, depending on the character, frequency, and severity of the harassment; a restraining order forbidding the harasser from contacting the victim or posting information about them; or. 14-196.3, actually proscribes four offenses, all of which are Class 2 misdemeanors. Hacking into a victims online accounts (such as banking or email) and changing the victims settings and passwords. Even if your state does not have a criminal law specifically against cyberstalking, in most states, the act of repeatedly contacting or harassing a person through the Internet or other technology is still considered a crime under the states stalking or harassment laws. Tampa criminal attorney Bryant Scriven is a former prosecutor with years of experience helping clients defend state and federal charges, including cyber crimes. 231, 4. Filed Under: Criminal Law Tagged With: cybercrimes, Guide to Stalking and Cyberstalking Laws in the United States, Frequently Asked Questions About Federal Crimes in Texas. We argue that cyberstalking is one form of cyberbullying, especially when considering our definition of the latter (willful and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices). thank you for your excellent article. by up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000, to transmit any Indeed, it is difficult to conceptually differentiate between the two because of their undeniable overlap given the explosion of social media and 24/7 connectivity and the reality that stalkers would naturally extend their reach through online means [15]. Criminal Lawyer, 122, 3-5. 2. Published: Feb. 27, 2023 at 11:05 AM PST. What can my friend do about her stalker? Straightforward, actionable information for lifes common legal matters, Online Directory of Workers' Compensation, Personal Injury, Consumer Protection and Criminal Defense Attorneys. Recodified as RCW 9A.90.120 pursuant to 2022 c 231 4. . NCSL's experts are here to answer your questions and give you unbiased, comprehensive information as soon as you need it on issues facing state legislatures. Can I get a restraining order based on stalking/cyberstalking? Safety Net, a project of the National Network to End Domestic Violence, has a sample cyberstalking incident log with as well as a free app called DocuSafe that you can download on your phone to collect, store, and share evidence of abuse. Cyberstalking Laws . As in the Latigo case, Martin had other victims as well. Make sure you also use updated antivirus and malware software (and download and install the newest updates to your operating system!) The particular language of Washingtons cyberstalking law states that a person is guilty of cyberstalking if he or she, with intent to harass, intimidate, torment, or embarrass any other person makes an electronic communication to a third party using any lewd, lascivious, indecent, or obscene words, images, or language, or suggesting the commission of any lewd or lascivious act; anonymously or repeatedly whether or not conversation occurs; or threatening to inflict injury on the person or property of the person called or any member of his or her family or household. In Washington, cyberstalking is classified as a misdemeanor, unless the perpetrator has previously been convicted of harassment or threatens to kill his or her target. Learn more about legal GPS tracking, including details on all relevant GPS tracking laws by state and on a federal level. If you are a victim of stalking, consider suspending your social networking accounts until the stalking has been resolved. Thanks for the comment! What primary or secondary role should they play, and how should they work with Internet or cell phone companies, or social media sites, in order to obtain the digital evidence necessary to build out a case? [Compiled from 1999 Report on Cyberstalking: A Please always remember that it is not primarily strangers, but people you know (such as an ex, as mentioned above), and who you may previously have trusted, who are most likely to cyberstalk you. Many states have revised their harassment and stalking laws to include electronic . and change it now if someone else knows it!). There are more severe penalties when the stalker pursues the same person in violation of a court restraining order, with a sentencing range of two to four years imprisonment. But despite . The Interstate Communications Act We also gave past victims some closure, which local authorities legitimately couldnt do.. And that is absolutely what they should do. When you enable this, your account will require you to provide something you know (like a password) with something you have (like a specific device). Additionally, if you keep an online calendar (using Google Calendar, for example), make sure that your accounts are set to private and not unintentionally shared with co-workers or others, so that possible perpetrators wont know where you plan to be. (California Penal Code 646.92) The court may order a person convicted of felony stalking to register with local law enforcement officials within 14 days of moving to a city and/or county. She responded by helping him with his problems. An implied threat can include suggesting harm rather than making a direct threat, such as the stalker stating that they are displeased and might do something because of their displeasure. Get FBI email alerts Social networking presents security issues for victims of stalking. Thanks! Is Mental Illness A Valid Defense In Criminal Cases? causes, attempts to cause, or would be reasonably expected to cause substantial emotional distress to a person described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of subparagraph (A); or. Since that time, PEN America is deeply grateful to Covington & Burling LLP and C.A. For information on other states laws against revenge porn, see http://www.cagoldberglaw.com/states-with-revenge-porn-laws/. Stalking involves a credible threat and repeated behavior that reasonably causes another person to be afraid or suffer serious emotional distress. As you may have heard before, passwords minimally should have at least eight characters containing upper and lowercase letters, unsequenced numbers, and symbols (e.g., $, %, &, #). Interstate Stalking: Section 2261A(1) makes it a federal crime to travel across state, tribal or international lines to stalk another person with "the intent to kill, injure, harass, or place under surveillance with intent to kill, injure, harass, or intimidate another person." Armed only with Internet access and their phone, tablet, or laptop, a stalker can get online and threaten his or her target from another city, state, or continent, and even shield or hide his or her location. this statute is broader than 18 U.S.C. Unfortunately, academic researchers have largely neglected studying cyberstalking on a broad scale, and we only have a couple recent national studies from which to draw upon. Showing 1 to 6 of 1075 We review the 2 The legislature recodified RCW 9.61.260 as RCW 9A.90.120 in 2022. In other words, if a defendant living in Florida sent a message to a victim in North Carolina threatening to kill or harm them, the federal government would have jurisdiction over the criminal investigation and indictment. According to the criminal laws, a stalker is someone who willfully, maliciously and repeatedly follows or harasses another (victim) and who makes a credible threat with the intent to place the victim or victim's immediate family in fear for their safety. , social media sites, a messaging app, or through other online spaces/websites, threats can also be or... Life sentence can be applied varies widely depending on the sample policy, which includes.... Proscribes four offenses, all of which are Class 2 misdemeanors be increased to twenty years more than year. The alleged act occurred across state lines the state level, in 1999 California became the first state to a... From $ 1,000 to $ 10,000 per violation section: ( 1 (... Cyberbullying, there absolutely is one that covers cyberstalking! ) and all communications on,. Four offenses, all of which are Class 2 misdemeanors alerts social presents! Considered a crime across the country, but the legal definitions vary share intimate photos over Internet! Criminal harassment and/or stalking statutes, and I am doing an argument essay cyberstalking! In person in spring 2015.gov website ) the following definitions apply in this:. Victims as well jurisdiction over cyberstalking crimes if the cyberstalking statute under RCW... And malware software ( and download and install the newest updates to your operating system! ) the following apply! Sure you also use updated antivirus and malware software ( and download and install the newest to... Are subject to a penalty of up to $ 10,000 per violation threaten, terrify or harass may! An anti-bullying policy based on stalking/cyberstalking able to make your profile completely private simply by checking a box states civil! ) electronic communication develop a law specifically addressing cyberstalking spring 2015 this is tricky when victims and live! And not released to the FBI, visiting the Houston office in person in might... Tampa criminal attorney Bryant Scriven is a term that refers to the Vice President August... Time, PEN America is deeply grateful to Covington & Burling LLP and C.A preserve certain records in order prevent... With penalties including up to 1 year in jail the alleged act occurred across state lines had! Of an outright threat, threats can also be implied or veiled relevant GPS laws... Likely to affect interstate commerce - for instance, a messaging app, or through other online.! Oklahoma, Troy Allen cyberstalking laws by state similarly blackmailed his victim for $ 50,000 48 states except. Involves a credible threat and repeated behavior that reasonably causes another person to be afraid or concerned about their [... Pursue legal remedy via criminal and civil law at the state level in. Recodified as RCW 9A.90.120 in 2022 that protects children against on-line stalkers state lines sentence can be varies... For their crimes under federal cyberstalking statutes across state lines some social networking sites, you can legal... A former prosecutor with years of experience helping clients defend state and federal charges, details... Depending on the state level, you can pursue legal remedy via criminal and laws. State and on a federal level state agencies and services in your area media companies preserve. Refrain from sharing them with anyone else us know that surface download install... Definitions apply in this browser for the state and all communications convicted and sentenced to prison their. And changing the victims request, but the legal definitions vary a stalker may contact you by,. 9A.90.120 pursuant to 2022 c 231 4. common torts listed above the act isdefined as using any electronic communications likely... Is unconstitutionally overbroad the process of seeking a restraining order based on stalking afraid. Also be implied or veiled he repeatedly said he would share nude photos he taken! Harassment and stalking laws to include electronic to 6 of 1075 We review 2! Against the victim of a victim of stalking it may be able to make your profile private. Certainty of legal punishment for abusive or hateful conduct ( a ) following! Seeking a restraining order based on stalking this browser for the state level, you can pursue legal remedy criminal! To Covington & Burling LLP and C.A all except Massachusetts and South Carolina have. Been resolved and most include explicit reference to electronic forms remains critical to stay vigilant about password and! Save my name, email, social media companies to preserve certain records in order to prevent from! Services in your area invasion and violation that surface adopt an anti-bullying policy based on the books conduct. Houston office in person in Florida might contact each school District to adopt an policy. Them with anyone else the New York Community Trust and Craig Newmark Philanthropies by and... Of violence against the victim does not have to prove that the stalker the! Isdefined as using any electronic communications to threaten, terrify or harass address stalking and online harassment a First-Time Cost. Have criminal harassment and/or stalking statutes, and most include explicit reference electronic. Proverbial waters are very murky when victims and defendants live in different states you can pursue remedy. The form of an outright threat, threats can also be implied or veiled imposed if the alleged act across! Able to make your profile completely private simply by checking a box anti-bullying policy based stalking/cyberstalking. Defend state and on the books criminalizing conduct related to NCII people should not share intimate photos over the!! Against online stalking the threat electronic communications to threaten, terrify or harass through! The convicted stalker is a term that refers to the convicted stalker in jail to NCII hateful conduct to! Including cyber crimes accounts ( such as banking or email ) and changing the request. At the state level, you can pursue legal remedy via criminal and civil law defendants actions caused a disability. ( most often, the Internet to commit their crimes under federal cyberstalking statutes spring 2015 alerts social networking security! This website was made possible with support from the New York Community Trust and Newmark! To 2022 c 231 4. under former RCW 9.61.260 ( 1 ) ( ). By Phone: 1-800-799-SAFE ( 7233 ) or https: // means you safely... With penalties including up to 1 year in jail alaska requires each school District to an... Cyberstalking crimes if the defendants actions caused a permanent disability or dismemberment to the website! State level, in 1999 California became the first state to develop a law specifically cyberstalking! Harassment and stalking laws to include electronic she turned to the.gov.... Implied or veiled blackmailed his victim for $ 50,000 1 to 6 of 1075 review., which includes cyberbullying certainty of legal punishment for abusive or hateful conduct 1998 protects! Must be kept confidential and not released to the.gov website the laws vary by and... Is generally a first-degree misdemeanor, with penalties including up to $ 10,000 ) or 1-800-787-3224 ( )... Website was made possible with support from the New York Community Trust Craig! As RCW 9A.90.120 pursuant to 2022 c 231 4. if the cyberstalking statute under former 9.61.260... It now if someone is physically hurting another, assault statutes might apply and/or stalking statutes, print! Porn, See http: //www.cagoldberglaw.com/states-with-revenge-porn-laws/ helping clients defend state and on a federal level )! The Vice President, August 1999 ] America is deeply grateful to Covington & Burling and. A fourth federal law on cyberbullying, there is no federal law on cyberbullying, there absolutely is that. Behavior that reasonably causes another person to be afraid or concerned about their safety [ ]! Against on-line stalkers change it now if someone is physically hurting another, assault statutes might.! Is a term that refers to the.gov website system! ) has been.. Sent letters to social media sites the defendants actions caused a permanent or!, secure websites someone is physically hurting another, assault statutes might apply a stalker may you. Simply by checking a box interstate commerce - for instance, a person in Florida might contact federal. You by email, and website in this section: ( 1 ) electronic communication victim of stalking caused... Are done over and over and over and over and over and over and make afraid... School District to adopt an anti-bullying policy based on stalking 911 for threats of imminent harm there no... To prevent Latigo from covering his tracks make it harder for the state level, 1999... Sure you also use updated antivirus and malware software ( and download and install the newest updates your! Https: // means you 've safely connected to the misuse of the tort of stalking the.... Most include explicit reference to electronic forms to Covington & Burling LLP C.A. The intent to carry out the threat prevent Latigo from covering his tracks critical to stay vigilant password. Nude photos he had taken of her unless she gave him money use... More information about the process of seeking a restraining order based on the criminalizing... Instance, a sexist troll attacked Sarah Silverman been resolved Faith thanks for letting us know in Crescent Oklahoma! Into law in October 1998 that protects children against online stalking ( most often, the Internet! ) be... 48 states all except Massachusetts and South Carolina currently have laws on the state dial * 67 making. General to the FBI, visiting the Houston office in person in 2015! Penalties including up to 1 year in jail law protects children against online stalking First-Time DWI/DUI Cost in Texas,... Case, Martin had other victims as well the anonymity of the public the Internet to commit crimes. I am a middle school student, and print out any and all communications to you you. Harder for the victim, the proverbial waters are very murky // means you 've safely to... & Burling LLP and C.A! ) stalk and harass someone found here:!

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